‘Perspective’ is the word of the English language, which means ‘परिप्रेक्ष्य’ in Hindi language, this perspective is derived from the Latin language ‘ Perspect ‘ which means ‘ Seen Through ‘ ie. Have to look from top to bottom. In other words perspective means to see or observe from one end to the other. In social sciences it means to investigate from beginning to end. When a scientist studies a fact, phenomenon or social reality from a particular point of view keeping in mind the specific objective of his subject, then it is called perspective of that subject. All subjects have their own special way, method or approach to study the phenomenon. This method or approach is called as perspective. Perspective refers to the systematic and specific approach of study which tells the uniqueness of one subject from other subjects. The study of any event or fact has many dimensions or aspects, so for its systematic analysis it is necessary to bind it to a certain limit or circumference. For this, different contexts of a phenomenon are separated and a context or point of view of study comes under a science or subject. This determines the extent of his study. This is called Perspective or Frame of Reference. It is also necessary to know here that in order to understand any subject, it is necessary to understand its perspective and context.
- DEFINITION OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Some scholars have defined anthropological perspective in this way – Theodoreson and Theodoreson have said, “Values, beliefs, attitudes and meanings provide context and perspective to the person according to which he observes the situation, is called perspective”. According to Theodoreson and Theodoreson, the perspective and the context range are closely related to each other and it is also necessary to know the context range in order to understand the perspective properly. He wrote, “The point of view, norms, or systems of concepts that a person or group organizes their experience, knowledge and interpretations is called the context-periphery.” Values and social norms of the person (individual, customs, traditions, institutions) affect his observations and decisions in the social situation, these are called context-periphery. G. A. Lundvarg has pointed out that the system of our established habits contributes to the formation of the context-periphery. While explaining the systems of habits, you have mentioned that they are in the folk language and they are called by the name of belief, principle or philosophy of life. It is clear that perspective or context-periphery is the approach created by humans keeping in mind the objectives, limitations and facilities of their study. Iloy Chinov believes that the perspective of any subject can be known from the concepts used in it. You say that in order to understand any subject or science, it is necessary to know which fundamental concepts are used in it. If we understand these concepts then it will be easy for us to know the nature and perspective of that science. Gude and Hot say that any event, situation or object can be studied in different ways. You have mentioned that the definition of any subject or science, the field of study, its nature, principles, concepts, etc. decides its perspective. In every science, instead of focusing on all the aspects of the phenomenon, attention is focused on only one side. All scientists study a single phenomenon or fact keeping in mind the specific perspective of their subject and contribute to the growth of knowledge. Anthropological perspective is mainly divided into two parts- First, Anthropology studies society, group, social interactions, social relations, social behavior, social structure, social system and the changes occurring in them. We try to find out whether these changes decrease or increase social order, cooperation, integration, organization, etc. They also study from the point of view that they are not increasing disorder, disintegration, dissatisfaction, tension, conflict, etc. Secondly, anthropologists study all phenomena or facts or things other than social phenomena from the anthropological point of view. They try to find out how those other events, facts or things affect human society, group, social system, social organization and social behavior. This aspect of the study has been emphasized by many sociologists especially Iloy Chinoy, Lundvarg, Gude and Hot, etc. Under anthropological perspective, we include the study of social actions, social groups, social relations, groups, institutions, behaviours, social systems, disorder, change, etc. In sociological perspective, social phenomena are studied scientifically.